Russian forces smashed the Ottoman Third Army at the Battle of Erzincan, killing or capturing 34,000 troops [10]. The Australian 1st Division suffered over 5,000 casualties at Pozières; Thomas Cooke was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross [10]. The North of Scotland Special Military Area was declared, restricting access to northern Scotland [10]. Russia launched a fourth and final assault in the Baranovichi Offensive [10]